Comparison and analysis of skiing injuries at ski resorts in Chongli, China and Japan / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#The rapid development of winter sports requires investigation on injuries in Chongli district, Zhangjiakou city, one of the ski sites of the 2022 Winter Olympics. Careful evaluation is required to observe which injuries are caused under what circumstances, and then we can make corresponding preventive measures and recommendations based on the results.@*METHODS@#In this retrospective study, the data of injury cases at ski resorts in China (Chongli district) and Japan were analyzed to provide a reference for the ongoing injury prevention at ski resorts. We collected data on injuries at Wanlong and Fulong ski resorts in Chongli district during the 2017-2018 and 2018-2019 ski seasons. We referred to the skiing injury report issued in February 2020 of a nationwide ski safety statistical service - Japan Ski Safety Association. The causes of injury and specific injured body parts were analyzed based on the data of Chinese and Japanese ski resorts. Statistical significance has been calculated using the Chi-square test.@*RESULTS@#During the 2019-2020 ski season in Japanese ski resorts, the number of reported injuries per 10,000 skiers was 0.93, of which 457 (17.3%) were over 50 years old, accounting for a large proportion of injuries, meanwhile in Chongli ski resort, the injury rate of skiers aged 50 and over was 7.1%. The knee joint (23.7% at Wanlong ski resort and 28.4% in Japanese ski resorts) was the most injured body part among Chongli and Japanese skiers. Among snowboarders, shoulder joint injury (17.7% in Japanese ski resorts) was the most common, and injury on hands and fingers (16.3% in Wanlong ski resorts) was the most common. Head injury rates are similar in Chongli, China and Japanese ski resorts (8.2% and 8.7%, respectively).@*CONCLUSION@#Our analysis demonstrated that injury data recorded among young skiers was higher in Chinese ski resorts (Chongli district) than that in Japanese ski resorts, and elderly skiers made up a larger proportion of skiing injuries in Japanese resorts. Thus, according to our research, the protection of knee joints, shoulder joints, and hands and fingers should be taken seriously. It should pay attention to the teaching of ski poles (for finger protection), and use protective devices such as knee pads, helmets, etc.

Preparation for mass gathering events from the perspective of a non-host country: the experience of Japan during the 2018 PyeongChang Olympics and Paralympic Winter Games

@#The World Health Organization recommends that countries or organizations that host mass gatherings plan ahead and prepare for possible public health events to ensure a safe environment for local residents, participants and travellers.1 Public health events during mass gatherings can also affect non-host countries. There are numerous reports of the spread of infectious diseases by travellers returning from mass gatherings,2 which can potentially pose the risk of an outbreak of new infectious diseases to travellers’ home countries. With more frequent travel across borders, it is prudent that non-host countries prepare for mass gathering events.

Cultura esportiva e as olimpíadas escolares na grande imprensa capixaba (1946-1954) / Sports culture and the school olympics in the great press of the state of espírito santo (1946-1954)

RESUMO O estudo investiga as práticas culturais esportivas na sociedade capixaba no período entre 1946 e 1954. Como corpus documental, utiliza dois jornais que circularam na Capital do Espírito Santo e o Arquivo Aloyr Queiroz de Araújo. Utiliza as proposições de Norbert Elias para pensar a polissemia do esporte,enfatizando o que se convencionou chamar de princípio civilizador, que busca ser um controlador de pulsões, de desejos e da individualidade. Apoia-se, também, no paradigma indiciário de Ginzburg que, por meio de indícios e pistas deixados nos documentos, nos levam a compreender parte da cultura esportiva capixaba e sua relação com as Olimpíadas Escolares. Aponta as Olimpíadas Escolares como parte integrante da Cultura Esportiva capixaba, veiculada pela grande imprensa do período, que dá visibilidade para a um novo enfoque para o esporte que acontece nas escolas. Um fenômeno que procura, por meio do esporte, congregar as diversas regiões do Espírito Santo que, pela imigração, constituíram diferentes culturas. Dessa forma, o esporte aparece como elemento homogeneizador e catalisador de uma cultura que é cosmopolita.

ABSTRACT The study investigates the sports cultural practices in Capixaba society in the period between 1946 and 1954. As a documentary corpus, uses two newspapers circulated in the capital of the Espírito Santo and the Aloyr Queiroz de Araújo File. Uses the propositions of Norbert Elias and Roberto Da Matta to think the object in its different forms and meanings, emphasizing the so-called civilizing principle, which seeks to be a drives controller, desires and individuality . It relies also on evidential paradigm Ginzburg that, through evidence and clues left in the documents, make us understand part of Capixaba sports culture and its relationship with the School Olympics. Points out the School Olympics as part of Culture Sports Capixaba, conveyed by the press of the period, giving visibility to a new approach to the sport that happens in schools. A phenomenon that seeks, through sport, bringing together the various regions of the Espírito Santo, immigration, were different cultures. Thus, the sport appears as homogenizer element and catalyst of a culture that is cosmopolitan.

Podiatric Conditions of Athletes in the Sixth National Special Olympics / 中国康复理论与实践

Objective To analyze the podiatric conditions of athletes with intellectual disabilities.Methods From May eleventh to 17th, 2015,779 athletes who participated in the sixth National Special Olympics were enrolled partly.Their lower limbs and feet were evaluated with Fit Feet Healthy Athletes Screening Form.Results Common podiatric conditions found in Special Olympics athletes included flat feet (52.2% in left side and 51.7% in right side), over pronation (56.1% in left side and 56.9% in right side), callus (44.7%), wrong nail cut (46.6%),ingrown nail(21.1%),and cross over toes(6.8%),etc.Conclusion Special Olympics athletes have podiatric structural,functional, nail and skin problems,which may relate to intellectual disabilities.

Futsal, um sonho olímpico: o jogo de poder FIFA x COI / Futsal, an olympic dream: the power play FIFA x COI / Fútbol sala, un sueño olímpico: el juego de poder de la FIFA y COI

Este artigo tem como objetivo discutir o processo de inclusão da modalidade futsal nos Jogos Olímpicos. Para tanto, numa perspectiva de encontrar os motivos da não inclusão da modalidade, esta investigação teve por base uma busca documental, de estudos relacionados ao assunto entre dissertações, teses e artigos nos sites: portal da capes, bireme, google acadêmico e demais fontes encontradas em sites de periódicos esportivos de livre acesso na internet. Os resultados apontam que apesar do futsal atingir todos os critérios para se tornar uma modalidade olímpica, há uma disputa de poder entre o Comitê Olímpico Internacional (COI) e a Fédération Internationale de Football Association (FIFA) dificultando a inclusão do futsal.

This article aims to discuss the process of inclusion of the futsal in the Olympics Games. For this purpose, with a view to find the reasons for the non-inclusion of the sport, this research was based on a documentary search, studies related to the subject of dissertations, theses and articles on the websites: portal capes, bireme, academic google and other sources found in sports periodicals sites freely accessible on the internet. The results show that despite the futsal meet all the criteria to become an olympic sport; there is a power struggle between the International Olympic Committee (IOC) and the Federation International de Football Association (FIFA) hindering the inclusion of futsal.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo discutir el proceso de inclusión de fútbol sala en los Juegos Olímpicos. Para ello, con el fin de encontrar las razones de la no inclusión de este deporte, esta investigación se basó en una búsqueda documental, estudios relacionados con el tema de disertaciones, tesis y artículos en los sitios web: cabos portal, birreme, google académico y otras fuentes encontraron en los deportes de periódicos sitios de libre acceso en Internet. Los resultados muestran que a pesar del fútbol sala cumplen todos los criterios para convertirse en un deporte olímpico, hay una lucha de poder entre el Comité Olímpico Internacional (COI) y la FIFA (FIFA) que dificulta la inclusión de fútbol sala.

FUNFitness Survey for Athletes of Sixth National Special Olympics / 中国康复理论与实践

@#: Objective To investigate the general physical conditions of Special Olympics athletes in China. Methods May 11th to 17th, 2015, 777 Special Olympics athletes of Sixth National Special Olympics accepted FUNFitness survey to be evaluated in muscle flexibility, muscle strength, balance and aerobic fitness. Results There were 727 Special Olympics athletes needing more muscle flexibility training guidance from physical therapists, 365 needing muscle strength training guidance, 452 needing balance training guidance and 272 needing aerobic fitness training guidance. Conclusion Special Olympics athletes need more care during the training. They need special training guidance in flexibility, endurance and balance from physical therapists.

Narrativas de atletas de voleibol nos jogos olímpicos (1964 e 1968) / Narratives of volleyball athletes in the olympic games (1964 and 1968) / Narrativas de atletas de voleibol en los juegos olímpicos (1964 y 1968)

Este estudo tem como objetivo reconstruir as memórias das participações dos atletas sul-riograndenses de voleibol nos Jogos Olímpicos de 1964 e 1968. Deste modo, busca, por meio da história oral, historiar narrativas da vida esportiva dos primeiros atletas sul-rio-grandenses a participarem na modalidade voleibol nos Jogos Olímpicos: Marco Antônio Volpi e Gérson Albino Schuch. Marco Volpi foi considerado o melhor jogador brasileiro na competição, nos Jogos Olímpicos de Tóquio (1964). Integra novamente a seleção brasileira de voleibol nos Jogos Olímpicos de 1968, no México, juntamente com o conterrâneo Gérson Schuch. Ambos eram praticantes de outros esportes nos clubes da capital sul-rio-grandense, além de se destacarem no voleibol. Os depoimentos demonstram que a experiência olímpica é constantemente atualizada na memória do atleta que a vive, assim como o auxilia na construção de sua identidade esportiva.

This study aims to reconstruct the memories of the participations of Volleyball athletes from Rio Grande do Sul in the Olympic Games, in the years 1964 and 1968. In this way, through oral history, seeks historicizing narratives of the sport life of the first athletes from Rio Grande do Sul to participate in the volleyball in the Olympic Games: Marco Antonio Volpi and Gerson Albino Schuch through oral history. Marco Volpi was present in the Olympic Games in Tokyo (1964), and he was considered the best Brazilian player in the competition. He was member of the Brazilian volleyball team again in 1968 Olympics in Mexico, along with his team mate Gerson Schuch. Both of them were players of other sports clubs of Rio Grande do Sul capital, and both standing out in volleyball. The statements show that the Olympic experience is constantly updated in the athlete's memory that lives, as well as assists in the construction of its sporting identity.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo reconstruir los recuerdos de las participaciones de los atletas de Voleibol del Rio Grande del Sur en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1964 y 1968. De esta manera se busca, a través de la historia oral, historizar narraciones de la vida deportiva de los primeros atletas del Río Grande del Sur para participar en el deporte de voleibol en los Juegos Olímpicos: Marco Antonio Volpi y Gerson Albino Schuch. Marco Volpi fue considerado el mejor jugador de Brasil en la competición, en los Juegos Olímpicos de Tokio (1964). Él fue miembro de la selección brasileña de voleibol de nuevo en los Juegos Olímpicos de 1968 en México, junto con su compañero Gershon Schuch. Ambos eran practicantes de otros clubes deportivos de la capital de Rio Grande del Sur, además de se destacar en el voleibol. Las declaraciones muestran que la experiencia olímpica se actualiza constantemente en la memoria del atleta que vive, así como ayuda en la construcción de su identidad deportiva.

Jogos olímpicos em revista: um estudo sobre a participação brasileira nos jogos olímpicos (1968-1996) / Olympic games in magazine: a study of brazilian participation in the olympic games (1968-1996) / Juegos olímpicos en revista: un estudio de la participación de Brasil en los juegos olímpicos (1968-1996)

O objetivo deste trabalho é analisar narrativas midiáticas sobre jogos olímpicos, a partir de reportagens da Revista Veja, de 1968 a 1996. Para tanto, utilizou-se como técnica a Análise de Conteúdo. Os seguintes eixos temáticos foram identificados e discutidos a partir das narrativas: 1) ser olímpico, referindo-se ao sentido da participação amadora dos brasileiros; 2) o clamor por atletas competitivos, correspondendo à cobrança por uma melhor organização e resultados esportivos; 3) de indigentes a heróis olímpicos ­ narrativas que apontam a mudança de papel na participação dos brasileiros, enfatizando os bons resultados.

This study aims to analyze media narratives about the Olympics from materials and/or stories published in Revista Veja from 1968 to 1996. For doing so, the Content Analysis method were used. The following thematic classes were identified and discussed: 1) being an Olympian - related to Brazilian amateur participation; 2) the claim for competitive athletes - corresponding to demands for better sport organization and perfomances; 3) from "indigent" to Olympic heroes - narratives that link the changing role of Brazilian participation, emphasizing good results.

Este estudio tiene como objetivo analizar las narrativas de medios sobre juegos olímpicos, a partir de reportajes de la Revista Veja, de 1968 a 1996. Para tanto, se utilizó como técnica el Análisis de Contenido. Los siguientes temas fueron identificados y discutidos a partir de las narrativas: 1) ser "Olímpico" en referencia al sentido de la participación aficionada de los brasileños; 2) el clamor por atletas competitivos correspondiendo a el cobro por una mejor organización y resultados deportivos; 3) de "indigentes" a héroes olímpicos - narrativas que vinculan el papel cambiante de la participación de Brasil, enfatizando los buenos resultados.

A OLIMPÍADA ESCOLAR E A ESPORTIVIZAÇÃO DA EDUCAÇÃO FÍSICA NO ESPÍRITO SANTO: CONTINUIDADES E DESCONTINUIDADES (1946-1954) / THE SCHOOL OLYMPICS AND THE SPORTIVIZATION PHYSICAL EDUCATION IN ESPÍRITO SANTO: CONTINUITIES AND ISCONTINUITIES (1946-1954)

RESUMO Analisa a temática da Olimpíada Escolar no Estado do Espírito Santo entre 1946 e 1954. Objetiva compreender a relação da Olimpíada Escolar com o processo de esportivização da Educação Física. Opera com o conceito decivilidade desenvolvido por Elias (1992) e Da Matta (1994), e com o modelo do paradigma indiciário e decircularidade proposto por Ginzburg (1989, 2000). Utiliza como fonte os jornais A Gazeta e A Tribuna e o arquivo pessoal de Aloyr Queiroz de Araújo. As Olimpíadas Escolares constituíram um importante evento para o governo e para a sociedade capixaba. Esse acontecimento tinha como foco os estudantes do ensino secundário, com o objetivo de envolvê-los em um projeto nacional, educativo e civilizatório que, por sua vez, era coordenado, entre os anos de 1946 e 1954, pelo Serviço de Educação Física, localizado na Escola de Educação Física do Espírito Santo.

ABSTRACT Analyses the issue of School Olympics in Espírito Santo State between 1946 and 1954. It aims at understanding the relationship of the School Olympics with sportivization of Physical Education. Operates with the concept ofcivility developed by Elias (1992) and Da Matta (1994) and the model of the evidentiary paradigm andcircularity proposed by Ginzburg (1989, 2000). Used as source the newspaper A Gazeta and A Tribunaand the personal archive of Aloyr Queiroz de Araújo. The School Olympics were an important event for the government and for the Espírito Santo society. This event was focused on the high school students, in order to involve them in a national, educational and civilizing project, which in turn was coordinated between the years 1946 and 1954, by the Physical Education Department, located in College of Physical Education of the Espírito Santo.

Os Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos Rio 2016: propostas para o esporte educacional, de participação e de rendimento / The Olympic and Paralympic Games Rio 2016: proposals for educational, participation and elite sport

Este trabalho visou identificar as propostas de legados para o esporte no Brasil a partir do Dossiê de Candidatura do Rio de Janeiro à Sede dos Jogos Olímpicos e Paralímpicos 2016 e Cadernos de Legado Rio 2016. A pesquisa se caracteriza como documental de cunho qualitativo. Selecionamos do Dossiê de Candidatura e dos Cadernos de Legado as propostas para o esporte que são apontadas como consequência da vinda dos Jogos. Para cada proposta buscamos identificar: 1) dimensão esportiva (educacional, participação e rendimento); 2) nível de alcance; 3) público-alvo; e 4) orçamento. Concluímos que dentre as diferentes dimensões do esporte, o de rendimento será privilegiado. São poucas as propostas que visam ampla disseminação da prática esportiva. A maioria das propostas se restringe à cidade do Rio de Janeiro e ao período pré-Jogos. O esporte educacional não é significativamente contemplado quando comparado às outras dimensões do esporte, o que contradiz a Política Nacional do Esporte e a Constituição Federal de 1988. Mais estudos são necessários para subsidiar o direcionamento das ações do governo no sentido de se garantir o acesso ao esporte como um direito de todos.

The goal of this study was to identify the promises for sport development in Brazil based on the Candidature File for Rio de Janeiro to Host the 2016 Olympic and Paralympic Games and the Legacy Notebooks Rio 2016. The research was documental and qualitative. We selected proposals for sport of the Candidature File and Legacy Books that are identified as a result of the Olympic Games. For each promise we identified: 1) dimension of sport (educational, participation and elite); 2) range level; 3) target public; and 4) budget. We concluded that elite sport will be privileged and that there is a lack of proposals for broad dissemination of sport. Most proposals are restricted to the city of Rio de Janeiro and to the pre-Games period. Educational sport is not significantly contemplated compared to the other dimensions of sport, which contradicts the National Sport Policy and the 1988 Brazilian Federal Constitution. More studies are needed to help directing actions in order to ensure sport for all as a legal right of all Brazilian citizens.

O papel da mídia sergipana nas estratégias de agendamento na mobilização da dialética global-local a partir de uma situação concreta: as Olimpíadas/2012 / The role of media in scheduling strategies in Sergipe in the mobilization of the global-local dialectics from a concrete situation: Olympics/2012 / El papel de los medios de comunicación Sergipanos en las estrategias de programación en la movilización de la dialéctica global-local en una situación concreta: las Olimpiadas 2012

Com os megaeventos esportivos acontecendo no Brasil (Jogos Pan-americanos 2007; Copa das Confederações 2013; Copa do Mundo 2014 e Olimpíadas/Paraolimpíadas 2016), visualizamos um período profícuo e instigador para pesquisas em torno deste objeto, concentrando nosso olhar para as Olimpíadas de Londres/2012. A exaltação do fenômeno esportivo trouxe, nesta pesquisa, as diversas faces que a mídia pode apresentar-se e associar-se (no tocante à economia, cultura, política, educação etc.). Nosso objetivo foi analisar como a mídia no estado de Sergipe antecipou e deu visibilidade às Olimpíadas/2012, construindo um "agendamento midiático-esportivo", a partir da estratégia da mobilização da dialética global-local. De cunho qualitativo e de caráter descritivo-exploratório, a pesquisa desenvolveu-se em três eixos: mídia impressa, digital e televisiva ­ que permitiram evidenciar a baixa efetivação da estratégia de agendamento e da dialética global-local, seja em virtude do amadorismo das entidades jornalísticas, seja, principalmente, pela ausência de interesse, pois, não havia atletas sergipanos na competição.

With all the mega sporting events that are happening in Brazil (The 2007 Pan-American Games, The 2013 Confederations Cup, The 2014 World Cup and the 2016 Olympic/Paralympic Games) it is possible to visualize a profitable and instigator moment for researches around this topic, concentrating our attention at the 2012 London Olympic Games. The exaltation of the sport phenomenon brought, in this research, the multiple sides through which the media can present itself and join itself with (regarding economy, culture, politics, education etc.). Our objective was to analyze how the media in the state of Sergipe anticipated and gave visibility to the 2012 Olympic Games, building a "sports-media scheduling" strategy, from the mobilization of the global-local dialectic. Characterized as a qualitative study, which has a descriptive-exploratory approach, this research was developed in three areas: print media, digital media and broadcast media ­ which have highlighted the low effectiveness of the scheduling strategy and the global-local dialectic strategy, whether because of amateurism in journalistic entities, or because of lack of interest, since there were no athletes from Sergipe in the competition.

Los grandes eventos deportivos que se están desarrollando en Brasil (Juegos Pan-americanos 2007; Copa de las Confederaciones 2013; Copa del Mundo 2014 y Olimpiadas y Paralimpiadas 2016), nos permiten vislumbrar un periodo propicio e instigador de investigaciones en torno a este tema, centrando nuestra mirada en las Olimpiadas de Londres 2012. La exaltación del fenómeno deportivo hizo visible, en esta investigación, las diversas caras que los medios de comunicación pueden presentar y relacionar (respecto a la economía, la cultura, la política, la educación etc.). Nuestro objetivo fue analizar cómo los medios de comunicación del estado de Sergipe anticiparon y dieron visibilidad a las Olimpiadas 2012, construyendo una "programación mediática-deportiva", a partir de la estrategia de la movilización de la dialéctica global-local. Con un carácter cualitativo y descriptivo-exploratorio, la investigación se desarrolló en torno a tres ejes: medios de comunicación impresos, digitales y televisivos ­ que permitieron evidenciar la escasa efectividad de la estrategia de programación y de dialéctica global-local, ya sea debido al amateurismo de las entidades periodísticas, o principalmente por la ausencia de interés, pues no había atletas sergipanos en la competición.

Sport mega-eventos: pueden ser legados y el desarrollo equitativo y sostenible? / Mega-eventos esportivos: podem desenvolvimento e legado ser equalitários e sustentáveis? / Sport mega-events: can legacies and development be equitable and sustainable?

Sport mega-events (SMEs) involve struggles to determine the definition of legacy and the outcome priorities that guide legacy planning, funding, and implementation processes. History shows that legacies reflect the interests of capital, and legacy benefits are enjoyed primarily, if not exclusively, by powerful business interests, a few political leaders, and organizations that govern high performance sports. This paper addresses challenges faced by cities and countries that host SMEs, and shows that fair and equitable legacies and developmental outcomes are achieved only when the voices and interests of the general population are taken into account and given priority during the process of planning, funding and implementation. It also explains how full representation in the process of defining and achieving legacies and developmental outcomes may be undermined by populist beliefs about the power of sport.

Os mega-eventos esportivos (MEE) envolvem lutas para se determinar a definição de legado e as prioridades que guiam os processos de planejamento, financiamento e processos de implementação de resultados. A história mostra que os legados refletem os interesses do capital, e os benefícios são usufruidos principalmente, se não exclusivamente, por interesses empresariais poderosos, por alguns líderes políticos e por organizações que governam o esporte de alto rendimento. Este artigo aborda os desafios enfrentados pelas cidades e países que hospedam MEE e demonstra que legados justos e equalitários e resultados em termos de desenvolvimento são alcançados somente quando as vozes e os interesses da população em geral são ouvidos e considerados como prioridade durante o processo de planejamento, financiamento e implementação. Ele também demonstra que a representação plena no processo de definição e prossecução de legados e a consecução de resultados em termos de desenvolvimento podem ser prejudicados por crenças populares sobre o poder do esporte.

Los mega-eventos deportivos (DME) implican luchas para determinar la definición del legado y las prioridades que guían los procesos de planificación, financiación financiamiento y ejecución de los resultados. La historia muestra que los legados reflejan los intereses del capital y que los beneficios son disfrutados principalmente, si no exclusivamente por los intereses empresariales poderosos, por algunos líderes políticos y por las organizaciones que dirigen los deportes de alto rendimiento. Este artículo aborda los desafíos que enfrentan las ciudades y los países anfitriones de los DME, y demuestra que legados justos y equitativos y resultados en sentido de desarrollo se logran solamente cuando se considera y se da prioridad a las voces e intereses de la población en general durante el proceso de planificación, financiamiento e implementación. Él también demuestra que la representación plena en el proceso de definición y consecución de los legados y los resultados en sentido de desarrollo pueden ser socavadas por las creencias populares sobre el poder del deporte.

BMI, BP, Visual Acuity and Hearing Status of Special Olympics Athletes in Sarawak

Special Olympics (SO) Inc. is an organization for people with intellectual disability (ID) to actively engaging in Olympic-type sport and participating in competition. Special Olympic Inc. provides Healthy Athletes Programme(HAP®) in screening and providing health education to Special Olympic Athletes. Objective To study the body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), visual acuity and hearing status of children and young adult with ID in Special Olympics Sarawak. Methods Health data were collected by trained health professionals under HAP® held in conjunction with Special Olympics Sarawak State Games on 17th and 18th April 2010 in Sibu. Health data collected were athletes’ weight, BMI, BP, ear canal screen and hearing status (oto-acoustic emission, pure tone audiometry), as well as eye health and visual acuity, using guidelines set by HAP®. Results 195 athletes attended the State Games in 2010 of which 138 were screened. Significant number of athletes was considered overweight / obese (31.5% for children and 36.9% for adult). More than 20% of the adult athletes were hypertensive or at risk of hypertension. Sixteen percent of the adult athletes had hearing loss. More than half of the adult and children athletes never had eye checks, and a significant numbers of them had abnormal eye tests results. Conclusions Health screening conducted during the HAP® is a useful screening program in this population. Health data collected can bring awareness to athletes and their family, and corrective measures in hearing and visual impairment can be taken immediately.

Jogos olímpicos da era moderna: uma proposta de periodização / Olympic games of modern era: a proposal of periodization

Os Jogos Olímpicos da Era Moderna foram recriados por Pierre de Coubertin e tiveram sua primeira edição no ano de 1896. Respeitando o calendário grego, no qual foi espelhado, os Jogos de Olímpicos de Verão realizam-se de quatro em quatro anos, período de uma Olimpíada, e atravessaram o século XX sofrendo de perto toda intensa dinâmica de um momento histórico marcado por profundos conflitos sociais de ordem mundial. A partir da análise desses momentos, é possível observar as transformações vividas pelo Movimento Olímpico. A partir de então, pretende-se nesse artigo discutir e caracterizar esses momentos históricos propondo uma periodização para os Jogos Olímpicos. Intenta-se com isso criar parâmetros de análise para os acontecimentos olímpicos a partir de seu contexto histórico-social.

The Olympics of the modern age have been recreated by Pierre de Coubertin and its first edition was in 1896. Respecting the Greek calendar, which was mirrored, the Summer Olympic Games are held every four years, during the Olympics, and went through the XX Century were influenced to the dynamics of a historical moment marked by deep social conflicts world order. From the analysis of these moments, it was possible to observe the changes experienced by the Olympic Movement. Thereafter, we intend to discuss in this article and characterize these historical moments proposing a timeline for the Olympics. The intention of this was to create analysis parameters for the Olympic events from their historical and social context.

Research for the Mobile Medical Units' Portable Equipment in Olympic Safeguard Service / 医疗卫生装备

Objective To research the mobile medical units' portable equipment for Olympic safeguard service. Methods Relevant scientific literatures and combined the actual medical supporting tasks during the Olympic safeguard service were reviewed,and studied the portable equipments,instruments and medicines of the mobile medical units. Results Combined with the mobile medical units' actual characteristics,the principle was small size and efficient,multifunctional,simple and practical. The portable equipment was not only first-line treatment,but also taken into account advanced treatment,they can adapt to different environment and better coordination of the tasks to be performed. Conclusion Perfect portable equipment is very important way to enhance the whole capacity of mobile medical units for medical supporting in Olympic safeguard service.